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The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and spacetime homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the approach where Maxwell equations and the Lorentz law of force are regarded as cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations. For this reason, the two theories are not equivalent. A simple example substantiates this conclusion. Quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is proved that the same result holds for it.  The compatibility of this conclusion with gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density is explained. Several alternative possibilities that may follow this work are pointed out.
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and spacetime homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the approach where Maxwell equations and the Lorentz law of force are regarded as cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations. For this reason, the two theories are not equivalent. A simple example substantiates this conclusion. Quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is proved that the same result holds for it.  The compatibility of this conclusion with gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density is explained. Several alternative possibilities that may follow this work are pointed out.


[[Category:Scientific Paper]]
[[Category:Scientific Paper|mathematical constraints gauge maxwellian electrodynamics]]


[[Category:Electrodynamics]]
[[Category:Electrodynamics|mathematical constraints gauge maxwellian electrodynamics]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 1 January 2017

Scientific Paper
TitleMathematical Constraints on Gauge in Maxwellian Electrodynamics
Read in fullLink to paper
Author(s)E Comay
KeywordsClassical Electrodynamics, Gauge, Variational Principle, Quantum Mechanics
Published2008
JournalApeiron
Volume15
Number2
No. of pages16
Pages16

Read the full paper here

Abstract

The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and spacetime homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the approach where Maxwell equations and the Lorentz law of force are regarded as cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations. For this reason, the two theories are not equivalent. A simple example substantiates this conclusion. Quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is proved that the same result holds for it. The compatibility of this conclusion with gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density is explained. Several alternative possibilities that may follow this work are pointed out.