The Photon - Revision history

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	==Abstract==		==Abstract==

	It is proposed here that the photon is a dipole comprised of two fundamental charges separated by the distance of <img border="0" alt="alpha" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/agr.gif" /><img border="0" alt="lambda" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/lgr.gif" />/<img border="0" alt="pi" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/pgr.gif" />, rotating in a plane transverse to its direction of travel. The Maxwell waves traditionally used to describe electromagnetic radiation must be in equilibrium with the dipole photon. Thus they are circularly polarized. It is shown here that the photon travels at a speed u < c, and the connection between the two speeds is represented by the fine structure constant. After discussion of the conditions that a wave solution must satisfy, we find emerging the beginnings of a theory of charge.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]		It is proposed here that the photon is a dipole comprised of two fundamental charges separated by the distance of <img border="0" alt="alpha" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/agr.gif" /><img border="0" alt="lambda" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/lgr.gif" />/<img border="0" alt="pi" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/pgr.gif" />, rotating in a plane transverse to its direction of travel. The Maxwell waves traditionally used to describe electromagnetic radiation must be in equilibrium with the dipole photon. Thus they are circularly polarized. It is shown here that the photon travels at a speed u < c, and the connection between the two speeds is represented by the fine structure constant. After discussion of the conditions that a wave solution must satisfy, we find emerging the beginnings of a theory of charge.

			[[Category:Scientific Paper\|photon]]

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	{{Infobox paper		{{Infobox paper
	\| title = The Photon		\| title = The Photon
	\| author = [[~~Robert L Carroll~~]]		\| author = [[D E McLennan]]
	\| keywords = [[~~photons~~]], [[~~wave equation~~]]		\| keywords = [[photon]], [[fine structure constant]], [[photon angular momentum]], [[photon charge density]], [[Planck's constant]]
	\| published = ~~1996~~		\| published = 1989
	\| journal = [[~~Electric Spacecraft Journal~~]]		\| journal = [[Physics Essays]]
	\| number = [[19]]		\| volume = [[2]]
	\| pages = 14-15		\| number = [[1]]
			\| pages = 51-54
	}}		}}

	==Abstract==		==Abstract==

	~~This article~~ is ~~written to show~~ that the photon is a ~~wave motion limited to one wavelength~~ in ~~the longitudinal direction and~~ a transverse ~~circumference~~ of ~~one wavelength~~. ~~This gives it~~ the ~~form of a cylinder with no indication of any spread with distance of travel~~. Thus ~~it has~~ the ~~characteristics of both wave~~ and ~~particle~~. ~~The ?either-or? controversy~~ of wave ~~or particle is avoided in this way. There is no indication that~~ a ~~medium is required for its propagation~~.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]		It is proposed here that the photon is a dipole comprised of two fundamental charges separated by the distance of <img border="0" alt="alpha" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/agr.gif" /><img border="0" alt="lambda" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/lgr.gif" />/<img border="0" alt="pi" align="bottom" src="http://physicsessays.aip.org/stockgif3/pgr.gif" />, rotating in a plane transverse to its direction of travel. The Maxwell waves traditionally used to describe electromagnetic radiation must be in equilibrium with the dipole photon. Thus they are circularly polarized. It is shown here that the photon travels at a speed u < c, and the connection between the two speeds is represented by the fine structure constant. After discussion of the conditions that a wave solution must satisfy, we find emerging the beginnings of a theory of charge.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]

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2016-12-30T05:56:22Z

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{{Infobox paper
| title = The Photon
| author = [[Robert L Carroll]]
| keywords = [[photons]], [[wave equation]]
| published = 1996
| journal = [[Electric Spacecraft Journal]]
| number = [[19]]
| pages = 14-15
}}

==Abstract==

This article is written to show that the photon is a wave motion limited to one wavelength in the longitudinal direction and a transverse circumference of one wavelength. This gives it the form of a cylinder with no indication of any spread with distance of travel. Thus it has the characteristics of both wave and particle. The ?either-or? controversy of wave or particle is avoided in this way. There is no indication that a medium is required for its propagation.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]