<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Peter_Rowlands</id>
	<title>Peter Rowlands - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Peter_Rowlands"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-25T06:31:08Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=26771&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=26771&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-02T13:25:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:25, 2 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l74&quot;&gt;Line 74:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 74:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientist|Rowlands Peter]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientist|Rowlands Peter]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Relativity]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Relativity&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|Rowlands Peter&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=15381&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=15381&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-12-30T20:09:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:09, 30 December 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l73&quot;&gt;Line 73:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 73:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 1992 - &amp;quot;[[Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.amazon.com/Waves-Versus-Corpuscles-Revolution-Never/dp/1873694016/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1219714782&amp;amp;sr=1-1 Read in full])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 1992 - &amp;quot;[[Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.amazon.com/Waves-Versus-Corpuscles-Revolution-Never/dp/1873694016/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1219714782&amp;amp;sr=1-1 Read in full])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientist]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientist&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|Rowlands Peter&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Relativity]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Relativity]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=5181&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Peter_Rowlands&amp;diff=5181&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-12-30T13:44:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox scientist&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Peter Rowlands&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Peter Rowlands 462.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| alt = Peter Rowlands&lt;br /&gt;
| fields = [[Professor of Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
| residence = Liverpool, United Kingdom&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality = English&lt;br /&gt;
| known_for = [[Unification]], [[General Relativity]], [[Quantum Theory]], [[Mach&amp;#039;s Principle]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BSc (Hons): Physics; University of Manchester, UK; 1970&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;PhD; Physics; University of Manchester, UK; 1975&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;MInstP 1986; CPhys 1986; MBCS 2004&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Research Fellow, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool (1987 to date)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Governor / Honorary Governor, Manchester College, Oxford (1993 to date)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Previous appointments: Project Leader, ICI Mond Division, 1976-77, MD, NVA Ltd, 1977-81, Lecturer in Physics, etc, and other positions up to HoD, De La Salle College and Pendleton, College, Manchester, 1981-99&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Research:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fundamental symmetries foundational to physics, in particular a group structure relating the fundamental parameters space, time, mass and charge.&lt;br /&gt;
* A universal rewrite system derived from the concept zero, in collaboration with computer scientist Bernard Diaz.&lt;br /&gt;
* A nilpotent version of relativistic quantum mechanics, with significant applications in particle physics and cosmology.&lt;br /&gt;
* Fundamental mathematical structures relating to physics and biology, in collaboration with biologist Vanessa Hill (Royal Holloway College, University of London).&lt;br /&gt;
* Application of rewrite concept to analysis of large-scale systems in physics, biology, theoretical computing, etc., in collaboration with Peter Marcer.&lt;br /&gt;
* Also work on history of science, including books and articles on Newton, Oliver Lodge, Fr?hlich, Rotblat, etc., and work on the epistemology of science (Why does physics work?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Awards:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Best paper for Symposium on The Fundamental Semantic Foundations of the Sciences: Computational Rewrite Systems at VII CASYS Conference, Li?ge, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
* Best paper for Symposium on Rewrite Science ? the Universal Semantic Calclulus and Grammatical Cosmos at VIII CASYS Conference, Li?ge, 2007, with Vanessa Hill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Books:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Oliver Lodge and the Liverpool Physical Society, Liverpool University Press, 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
* Newton and the Concept of Mass-Energy, Liverpool University Press, 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
* The Fundamental Parameters of Physics: An Approach towards a Unified Theory, PD Publications, Liverpool , 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
* Waves Versus Corpuscles: The Revolution That Never Was, PD Publications, Liverpool, 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
* A Revolution Too Far: The Establishment of General Relativity, PD Publications, Liverpool, 1994.&lt;br /&gt;
* Oliver Lodge and the Invention of Radio, PD Publications, Liverpool, 1994, editor with J. Patrick Wilson, and author of: ?Preface&amp;#039; (with JPW), ?Radiowaves&amp;#039;, 39-66, ?Radio begins in 1894&amp;#039;, 75-114, ?Waves from the Sun&amp;#039;, 125-136, ?The Significance of the aether&amp;#039;, 137-144.&lt;br /&gt;
* 120 Years of Excellence, The Physics Department at The University of Liverpool 1881-2001, U-P L Communications, Liverpool, 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
* Herbert Fr?hlich: A Physicist Ahead of His Time, editor, with G. J. Hyland, University of Liverpool, 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
* War and Peace: The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Rotblat, editor, with T. V. Attwood, and author of ?Introduction&amp;#039;, pp 5-20 (with TVA), and ?Sir Joseph Rotblat as Teacher and Research Director&amp;#039;, pp 75-86, University of Liverpool, 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
* 125 Years of Excellence, The Physics Department at The University of Liverpool 1881-2006, PD Publications, Liverpool, 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
* Zero to Infinity, World Scientific, Singapore, Hackensack, NJ, and London, October, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Papers (Selected):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*       [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0010094 The Dirac algebra and its physical interpretation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with J. P Cullerne)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0103036 Applications of the nilpotent Dirac state vector&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with J. P. Cullerne)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0109069 QED using the nilpotent formalism&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with J. P. Cullerne)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0106111 The Dirac algebra and grand unification&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with J. P. Cullerne)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0106054 A foundational approach to physics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0110069 The Factor 2 in Fundamental Physics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0110092 The Group Structure Bases of a Foundational Approach to Physics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with J. P. Cullerne and B. D. Koberlein)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0209026v1 A universal alphabet and rewrite system&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;] (with Bernard Diaz)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0301071v1 The Nilpotent Dirac Equation and its Applications in Particle Physics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507188 Removing redundancy in relativistic quantum mechanics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;    *       [http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.0224 What is vacuum?&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;       &amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Abstracts==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 2010 - &amp;quot;[[Dual Vector Spaces as a Basis for Physics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
]]&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
* 2008 - &amp;quot;[[What is Vacuum?]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.physicsfoundations.org/PIRT_XI/papers/ROWLANDS%20PAPER%202008%20PPT.ppt Read in full])&lt;br /&gt;
* 2006 - &amp;quot;[[Breaking the Dirac Code]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.physicsfoundations.org/PIRT_X/papers/ROWLANDS%20PAPER%202006.pdf Read in full])&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 - &amp;quot;[[How to Get Something from Nothing]]&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 2007 - &amp;quot;[[Zero to Infinity: The Foundations of Physics (Series on Knots and Everything)]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Infinity-Foundations-Physics-Everything/dp/9812709142/ref=sr_11_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1219451130&amp;amp;sr=11-1 Read in full])&lt;br /&gt;
* 1994 - &amp;quot;[[A Revolution Too Far: The Establishment of General Relativity]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.amazon.com/revolution-too-far-establishment-relativity/dp/1873694032/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1219714228&amp;amp;sr=8-1 Read in full])&lt;br /&gt;
* 1992 - &amp;quot;[[Waves Versus Corpuscles : The Revolution That Never Was]]&amp;quot; ([http://www.amazon.com/Waves-Versus-Corpuscles-Revolution-Never/dp/1873694016/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1219714782&amp;amp;sr=1-1 Read in full])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scientist]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Relativity]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>