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	<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e</id>
	<title>Particle Structure Causes Discrete Fundamental Charge e - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-10T04:20:40Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=24708&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=24708&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-02T02:49:14Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:49, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=19873&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=19873&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-01T17:52:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:52, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l14&quot;&gt;Line 14:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 14:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Paul Dirac, in 1931, attempted to determine why the fundamental charge has exactly the same value (e) for both the electron and proton. His attempt was mathematical, and he (mistakenly) theorized there had to be a fixed value &quot;magnetic monopole&quot;. I find that the electron, positron, muon and proton, all are constructed with geometry, that fixes the value of fundamental charge, the same for all.  Basic particle structures are outlined here and the fundamental charge is shown to be a constant, because charge density times the particle current loop area, is equal to the fundamental charge (e) exactly, independent of cube particle size.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Paul Dirac, in 1931, attempted to determine why the fundamental charge has exactly the same value (e) for both the electron and proton. His attempt was mathematical, and he (mistakenly) theorized there had to be a fixed value &quot;magnetic monopole&quot;. I find that the electron, positron, muon and proton, all are constructed with geometry, that fixes the value of fundamental charge, the same for all.  Basic particle structures are outlined here and the fundamental charge is shown to be a constant, because charge density times the particle current loop area, is equal to the fundamental charge (e) exactly, independent of cube particle size.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientific Paper&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|particle structure causes discrete fundamental charge e&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=6263&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Particle_Structure_Causes_Discrete_Fundamental_Charge_e&amp;diff=6263&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-12-30T15:53:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox paper&lt;br /&gt;
| title = Particle Structure Causes Discrete Fundamental Charge e&lt;br /&gt;
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6545.pdf Link to paper]&lt;br /&gt;
| author = [[Thomas N Lockyer]]&lt;br /&gt;
| published = 2012&lt;br /&gt;
| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
| volume = [[9]]&lt;br /&gt;
| num_pages = 4&lt;br /&gt;
| pages = 322-325&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Read the full paper&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6545.pdf here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Abstract==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paul Dirac, in 1931, attempted to determine why the fundamental charge has exactly the same value (e) for both the electron and proton. His attempt was mathematical, and he (mistakenly) theorized there had to be a fixed value &amp;quot;magnetic monopole&amp;quot;. I find that the electron, positron, muon and proton, all are constructed with geometry, that fixes the value of fundamental charge, the same for all.  Basic particle structures are outlined here and the fundamental charge is shown to be a constant, because charge density times the particle current loop area, is equal to the fundamental charge (e) exactly, independent of cube particle size.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Structure]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
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