Immanuel Velikovsky - Revision history

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	In general, Velikovsky's theories have been vigorously rejected or ignored by the academic community.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-3 <span>[</span>4<span>]</span>]</sup> Nonetheless, his books often sold well and gained an enthusiastic support in lay circles, often fuelled by claims of unfair treatment for Velikovsky by orthodox academia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-4 <span>[</span>5<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-5 <span>[</span>6<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-6 <span>[</span>7<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-7 <span>[</span>8<span>]</span>]</sup> The controversy surrounding his work and its reception is often referred to as "the Velikovsky affair".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-8 <span>[</span>9<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-9 <span>[</span>10<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-10 <span>[</span>11<span>]</span>]</sup> - ''Wikipedia''		In general, Velikovsky's theories have been vigorously rejected or ignored by the academic community.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-3 <span>[</span>4<span>]</span>]</sup> Nonetheless, his books often sold well and gained an enthusiastic support in lay circles, often fuelled by claims of unfair treatment for Velikovsky by orthodox academia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-4 <span>[</span>5<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-5 <span>[</span>6<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-6 <span>[</span>7<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-7 <span>[</span>8<span>]</span>]</sup> The controversy surrounding his work and its reception is often referred to as "the Velikovsky affair".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-8 <span>[</span>9<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-9 <span>[</span>10<span>]</span>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-10 <span>[</span>11<span>]</span>]</sup> - ''Wikipedia''

	[[Category:Scientist]]		[[Category:Scientist\|Velikovsky Immanuel]]
	[[Category:Electric Universe]]		[[Category:Electric Universe]]

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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Immanuel Velikovsky
| image = Immanuel Velikovsky 2012.jpg
| alt = Immanuel Velikovsky
| birth_date = {{birth date|1895|06|10|mf=y}}
| death_date = {{birth date|1979|11|17|mf=y}}
| residence = United States
| nationality = Russian Jewish USA
| known_for = [[Electric Universe]]
}}

Immanuel Velikovsky (Иммануил Великовский) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitebsk Vitebsk], 10 June 1895 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar NS]) ? 17 November 1979) was a Russian-born American [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_scholar independent scholar], best known as the author of a number of controversial books reinterpreting the events of ancient history, in particular the US bestseller ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worlds_in_Collision Worlds in Collision]'', published in 1950.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-0 [1]] Earlier, he played a role in the founding of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem Hebrew University of Jerusalem] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel Israel], and was a respected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatrist psychiatrist] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyst psychoanalyst]. His books use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_mythology comparative mythology] and ancient literary sources (including the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible Bible]) to argue that Earth has suffered [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophism catastrophic] close-contacts with other planets (principally [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus Venus] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars Mars]) in ancient times. In positioning Velikovsky among [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophist catastrophists] including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Schindler_Bellamy Hans Bellamy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly Ignatius Donnelly], and Johann Gottlieb Radlof,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-1 [2]] the British astronomers [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Clube Victor Clube] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Napier Bill Napier] noted ". . . Velikovsky is not so much the first of the new catastrophists . . . ; he is the last in a line of traditional catastrophists going back to mediaeval times and probably earlier."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-2 [3]] Velikovsky argued that electromagnetic effects play an important role in celestial mechanics. He also proposed a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_chronology revised chronology] for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt ancient Egypt], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Greece], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Israel Israel] and other cultures of the ancient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East Near East]. The revised chronology aimed at explaining the so-called "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages dark age]" of the eastern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean Mediterranean] (ca. 1100 ? 750 BCE) and reconciling biblical history with mainstream archaeology and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_chronology Egyptian chronology].

In general, Velikovsky's theories have been vigorously rejected or ignored by the academic community.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-3 [4]] Nonetheless, his books often sold well and gained an enthusiastic support in lay circles, often fuelled by claims of unfair treatment for Velikovsky by orthodox academia.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-4 [5]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-5 [6]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-6 [7]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-7 [8]] The controversy surrounding his work and its reception is often referred to as "the Velikovsky affair".[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-8 [9]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-9 [10]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Velikovsky#cite_note-10 [11]] - ''Wikipedia''

[[Category:Scientist]]
[[Category:Electric Universe]]