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	* 1937 - "[[Sound Waves, Their Shape and Speed: A Description of the Phonodeik and its Applications and a Report on a Series of Investigations Made at Sandy Hook Proving Ground]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Sound-waves-their-shape-speed/dp/B00085M3SE/ref=sr_1_35?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219700833&sr=8-35 Read in full])		* 1937 - "[[Sound Waves, Their Shape and Speed: A Description of the Phonodeik and its Applications and a Report on a Series of Investigations Made at Sandy Hook Proving Ground]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Sound-waves-their-shape-speed/dp/B00085M3SE/ref=sr_1_35?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219700833&sr=8-35 Read in full])

	[[Category:Scientist]]		[[Category:Scientist\|Miller Dayton]]
	[[Category:Relativity]]		[[Category:Relativity]]

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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dayton C. Miller
| image = Dayton C Miller 466.jpg
| alt = Dayton C. Miller
| birth_date = {{birth date|1866|03|13|mf=y}}
| death_date = {{birth date|1941|02|22|mf=y}}
| fields = [[Physicist]], [[Astronomer]]
| residence = Cleveland, OH, United States
| nationality = USA
| known_for = [[Relativity]], [[Astronomy]], [[Aether]]
}}

Born in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio Ohio] to Charles Webster Dewey and Vienna Pomeroy Miller, Dayton Clarence Millergraduated from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_University Baldwin University] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886 1886] and obtained a doctorate in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy astronomy] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University Princeton University] under Charles A. Young in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890 1890]. Miller spent his entire career teaching [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy astronomy] at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_School_of_Applied_Science Case School of Applied Science] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio Cleveland, Ohio], as head of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics physics] department from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893 1893] until his retirement in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936 1936]. Following the discovery of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray X-rays] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen Wilhelm R?ntgen] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895 1895], Miller used [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube cathode ray tubes] built by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes William Crookes] to make some of the first photographic images of concealed objects, including a bullet within a man?s limb. Active in many scientific organization, Miller was a member of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society American Philosophical Society]. During the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920s 1920s], he served as secretary, vice president, and president of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Society American Physical Society] and as chairman of the division of Physical Sciences of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Council National Research Council]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931 1931] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933 1933] he was president of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_Society_of_America Acoustical Society of America].

In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900 1900], he began work with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Morley Edward Morley] on the detection of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether aether] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether drift],[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-4 [5]] at the time one of the "hot" areas of fundamental [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics physics]. Following on with the basic apparatus as the earlier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson-Morley_experiment Michelson-Morley experiment], Miller and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Morley Morley] published another null result in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904 1904]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment experiments] concerned many physicists dealing with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein Albert Einstein]?s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity theory of relativity].

Miller continued with the experiment, conducting thousands of measurements and eventually developing the most accurate interferometer in the world at that time. The type of experimental apparatus Miller used was very delicate. Dayton Miller performed over 200,000 observations and experiments dealing with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether aether] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether aether] drift.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-5 [6]] A second publication in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926 1926][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-6 [7]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-7 [8]] showed what appeared to be a small amount of drift, which Miller commented on at several meetings. A third, in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933 1933],[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-8 [9]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-9 [10]] continued the theme. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902 1902] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933 1933] Miller performed experiments producing more accurate measurements. This work was published as a positive result for the existence of an aether drift. However, the effect Miller saw was tiny. In order for it to detect aether, the properties of aether drag would have to be more pronounced. Furthermore, the measurement was statistically far from any other measurements being carried on at the time, fringe shifts of about 0.01 were being observed in many experiments, while Miller?s 0.08 was not duplicated anywhere else -- including Miller?s own 1904 experiments with Morley, which showed a drift of only 0.015. The measurements are perfectly consistent with a fringe difference of zero -- the null result that every other experiment was recording.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein Einstein] was interested in this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether aether] drift theory and acknowledged that a positive result for the existence of aether would invalidate the theory of special relativity, but commented that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude altitudal] influences and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature temperatures] may have provided sources of error in the findings. Miller commented:

<dl><dd>"The trouble with Professor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein Einstein] is that he knows nothing about my results. ... He ought to give me credit for knowing that temperature differences would affect the results. He wrote to me in November suggesting this. I am not so simple as to make no allowance for temperature." </dd></dl> During the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920s 1920s] a number of experiments, both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry interferometry] based, as in Miller?s experiment, and others using entirely different techniques, were conducted and these returned a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_result null result] as well. Even at the time, Miller?s work was increasingly considered to be a statistical anomaly, an opinion which remains true today,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Miller#cite_note-Roberts-10 [11]] given an ever growing body of negative results. - Wikipedia

Robert S. Shankland?s 1955 "reanalysis" of Miller?s work played a major role in posthumously discreditting it, though the remnant of dissidents who have examined it closely have found Miller?s work and interpretation above reproach.  Milller?s decades-long dedication to accurate scientific measurement stands as a monument and example to physicists today.

'''Selected papers by Dr. Miller''':

# Henry T. Eddy, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_W._Morley Edward W. Morley], and Dayton C. Miller, "The Velocity of Light in the Magnetic Field," [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRI/v7/i5/p283_1 Physics Review], S1, V7, N5, pp. 283-295 (Dec 1898).
# Dayton C. Miller, "Ether-drift Experiments at Mount Wilson Solar Observatory," [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v19/i4/p407_1 Physics Review], S2, V19, N4, pp. 407-408 (Apr 1922).
# Dayton C. Miller, "Significance of Ether-drift Experiments of 1925 at Mount Wilson," Address of the President, American Physical Society, Science, V63, pp. 433-443 (1926). A.A.A.S Prize paper.
# Dayton C. Miller, "Ether-drift Experiments at Mount Wilson in February, 1926, National Academy of Sciences, Washington (Apr 1926) {[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v27/i6/p794_1 Physics Review], S2, V27, N6, pp. 812 (Jun 1926)}.
# Dayton C. Miller, "The Ether-Drift Experiment and the Determination of the Absolute Motion of the Earth," [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v5/i3/p203_1 Rev. Mod. Phys.], V5, N3, pp. 203-242 (Jul 1933).
# George Joos & Dayton C. Miller, "Note on the Repetition of the Michelson-Morley Experiment," [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v45/i2/p114_1 Physics Review], S2, V45, N2, pp. 114 (Jan 1934).

Harvey Fletcher, "[http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/dmiller.pdf Biographical Memoir of Dayton Clarence Miller 1866-1941]," ''National Academy of Sciences of the USA Biographical Memoirs'', V23, N3, 16pp (1943).

==Books==

* 1939 - "[[Sparks, Lightning, Cosmic Rays: An Anectodal History of Electricity]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Sparks-Lightning-Cosmic-Rays-Electricity/dp/B0018NAQ5C/ref=sr_1_22?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219700351&sr=8-22 Read in full])
* 1937 - "[[Sound Waves, Their Shape and Speed: A Description of the Phonodeik and its Applications and a Report on a Series of Investigations Made at Sandy Hook Proving Ground]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Sound-waves-their-shape-speed/dp/B00085M3SE/ref=sr_1_35?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219700833&sr=8-35 Read in full])

[[Category:Scientist]]
[[Category:Relativity]]

Dayton C Miller - Revision history

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